Exploring the Oral Brain Axis: Periodontal Disease Associated White Matter Changes
Keywords:
Cranial morphometry, cerebral morphometry, brain volume, normative standards, Indian population.Abstract
Background: Accurate cranial and cerebral morphometry is essential for clinical diagnostics, neurosurgical planning, and neuroimaging interpretation. Population-specific normative data are particularly important due to ethnic and regional variations. This study aims to establish normative cranial and cerebral morphometric parameters for the Indian population.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 300 healthy Indian adults (aged 18–60 years). High-resolution MRI scans were used to measure cranial dimensions (cranial length, breadth, height, and cranial index) and cerebral parameters (total brain volume, regional lobe volumes, and cortical thickness). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stratified by age and sex.
Results: Mean cranial length, breadth, and height were 175.3 ± 7.2 mm, 140.6 ± 6.5 mm, and 120.8 ± 5.9 mm, respectively. Cranial index averaged 80.2 ± 3.1, indicating a predominantly mesocephalic population. Total brain volume was 1,320 ± 95 cm³ in males and 1,215 ± 88 cm³ in females. Regional lobe volumes and cortical thickness values were tabulated to provide population-specific references.
Conclusion: This study provides normative cranial and cerebral morphometric data for Indian adults, highlighting sex-specific and regional variations. These standards can inform clinical assessment, neuroimaging interpretation, and research in neuroscience and anthropology.
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