Study Protocol: Preconception Sperm Quality and Protein Factors Linked to Autism-Related Molecular Signatures in Indian Men
Keywords:
Sperm quality, sperm proteome, autism spectrum disorders, pre-conception, Reelin, SHANK3Abstract
Background:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Emerging evidence suggests paternal contributions, including sperm quality and proteomic composition, may affect early embryonic development and autism-associated protein expression in offspring. However, data from Indian men are limited.
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between pre-conception sperm quality, sperm protein determinants, and the expression of autism-associated proteins in Indian men.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Indian men aged 22–40 years planning conception. Semen samples were analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation per WHO 6th edition guidelines. Sperm proteome analysis focused on proteins implicated in neurodevelopment, including Reelin, SHANK3, and CNTNAP2, using ELISA and Western blot. Correlations between sperm quality parameters, protein levels, and potential impact on autism-associated protein expression were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.
Results:
Reduced sperm motility and increased DNA fragmentation were significantly associated with lower levels of Reelin and SHANK3 in sperm (p < 0.05). Altered expression of CNTNAP2 correlated positively with increased sperm oxidative stress and abnormal morphology (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression indicated that sperm motility, morphology, and key proteomic markers together explained 48% of variability in autism-associated protein levels.
Conclusion:
Pre-conception sperm quality and protein composition in Indian men influence the expression of autism-associated proteins. Interventions improving sperm health before conception may potentially modulate early neurodevelopmental risk in offspring.
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